What Does it Cost to Attend Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus?

Pennsylvania State University is a popular choice for Pennsylvania students, as it offers students the flexibility to transfer to the main campus at University Park after starting college at one of the regional campuses. But because of the difference in tuition and fees and the local cost of living, you’ll want to be prepared to know what it would cost to send your student to Penn State’s main campus over one of the regional campuses. We’re going to look at what factors contribute to the cost of attendance at Penn State-University Park, and how you can keep the costs down for your family. You may be surprised to learn that college costs vary from campus to campus of the same institution, but they also vary from student to student at the exact same campus. Although we’re going to go over what the full price of a year of education at Penn State is, you should know that the actual cost of a Penn State education will likely be different for your family. Instead, you’ll want to consider what the net cost for your family will be. Although averages are a good place to start and we will include them, it’s better to consider the specific factors that will reduce your net cost. Very few families pay full price, and this is due to financial aid from: A combination of financial aid from these sources will help you reduce your net cost, and we’ll go over what you can roughly expect from each source below. Although we call it the list price, schools refer to this as the estimated cost of attendance. If you’re wondering why it’s an estimate and not an exact number, it’s because schools tend to average the cost from their current students. Each student has different expenses, from housing to transportation to groceries. Generally, the cost of attendance includes things like tuition and fees, room and board, and other costs of living like transportation, or even laundry expenses. Because Penn State is a public institution, there is a difference in the tuition and fees for in-state students versus out-of-state students. In the 2016-2017 school year, the total price for in-state students was $35,758, while the total price for out-of-state students was $50,240. Most families don’t end up paying list price because they qualify for some kind of financial aid, but there are some families who would likely pay list price at any institution. Wealthy families with household incomes over $175,000 usually end up paying the list price, especially if their student didn’t receive any merit scholarships. We hope that you’re feeling relieved to know that you’re not likely paying the list price, but you may still be wondering what you can expect to pay if your student attends Penn State. For students who qualify for financial aid, the average price for in-state students was $34,167, and the average price for out-of-state students was $48,649. While the averages above are a good starting point for determining your net cost, it’s often more helpful to look at the cost based on household income. Students who come from families with higher need will have a lower average net price, which helps make college more accessible. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Merit aid is usually offered to students on a need-blind basis, meaning that students of any income level can receive merit aid. Merit aid is generally offered to the top admitted students with exceptional accomplishments. At Penn State, about 15.6% of students who don’t qualify for need-based aid receive some form of merit aid (note that there are some students who receive need-based and merit aid). The average merit aid award for a student without need was $653, which reduces the net cost for in-state students to $35,105 and out-of-state students to $49,587. Although it may not be much, every bit helps, and there are some schools that don’t offer any merit aid. Due to its small average award size, Penn State ranked 807th in a pool of over 1000 schools we analyzed for merit aid generosity. Students have to cover the remaining cost of attendance somehow, and a common way that students do that is to take out loans. At Penn State, about 56% of students have a loan to help cover their annual expenses. The average size of the federal loan per student was $7,838 total across all four years. When choosing a school, you should encourage your student to look at the typical student outcomes as a factor in their decision. Although their individual effort and resourcefulness are more likely to secure their post-college success, it’s still good to know if a school provides a conducive environment to students. At Penn State, around 83% of their students graduate within six years. Ten years out of school, the average main campus grad is making $55,300. Penn State’s University Park campus is located in the State College municipality, which offers a small-town environment with an emphasis on college activities. The cost of living index for State College is 113, which means that it’s about 13% higher than the national average. Overall, it’s pretty affordable to live near University Park. All freshman students are required to live on-campus, but students are allowed to live off-campus starting their sophomore year. Here are the average apartment rents in State College: Although some of the housing options may be cheaper per month, students who live on-campus are required to purchase a meal plan. Many students find that the freedom that off-campus housing provides is worth it, especially because they can easily cook their own meals. Many students choose to work part-time jobs to help cover some of their living expenses. According to the Economic Policy Institute , the minimum wage in Pennsylvania is the same as the federal minimum wage at $7.25, and the average hourly wage is $22.55. Aside from traditional saving methods, one of the best ways that your student can help reduce the net cost to your family is to apply for as many scholarships as they can. Scholarships are a form of gift aid that doesn’t have to be paid back, and they are often merit-based. Here are just a few ways you and your student can start looking for scholarships: If your student will be considered out-of-state at the time of application, you may want to look into what the requirements are for your student to be reclassified as an in-state student after their freshman year. They should speak directly with a financial aid officer at their school to make sure that it doesn’t impact any of their other financial aid, but it could save your family thousands of dollars each year. Although we focused on how to make attending the main campus more affordable, you should also know that your family can save money if your student chooses to attend a regional campus. Many students transfer to the main campus after spending a year or two at the main campus; the regional campuses often have lower tuition rates, and if your family lives in the area, they can save even more by staying at home. With many ways to reduce your family’s net cost, from financial aid to part-time student work, we hope that you have found your student’s dream school to be financially feasible. If you’re looking for personalized guidance about college affordability, we’ve got you covered. As part of our College Applications Program, our Finances tool shows students the ROI of different schools and majors and help students identify scholarships to apply for. On average, our students earn about $83,000 in scholarships. Find out if working with our Financial Aid Tools is right for your family!

Petrobras and cost of capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Petrobras and cost of capital - Essay Example Petrobras was operating in a higher risk environment due to Brazil’s economic turbulence. The cost of debt for any given company is the cost of raising extra revenue by issuing the debt. Likewise, the cost of equity refers to that extra revenue associated with issue of the equity shares. The cost of capital therefore is derived from the average value of issuing the two in the proportion capital they present and this is what is referred to as the WACC (weighted average cost of capital) as to be discussed later in this paper. For a company like Petrobras, the financing costs can be derived by use of the WACC. The major players in the multinational oil industry as indicated in exhibit 1 of the case have almost a similar cost of capital ranging from 7.6% of BP to 9.0% of ocean energy indicating an average difference of 1.4%. Petrobras’ cost of capital is further up at 15% reflecting a massive difference of 6%. This is largely attributed to the company’s distinct domestic involvement in terms of its operations. The company is largely owned by the government and hence it was solely producing for a Brazilian market in the quest to eliminate its over dependence on international oil imports. This is despite the economic turbulence of the country’s economy that has been characterized by fluctuations in interest rates, inflation rates, local currency depreciation among other economic downfall, which is further reflected into the company’s CA.... erations made investors assign it the country risks assigned to similar firms operating in the country and as a consequence, the cost of capital was significantly raised. There are sentiments by analysts that the company’s CA ought to have been excluded from the â€Å"burden† of the respective additional costs incurred from Brazil's sovereign spread during the derivation of kd (cost of debt) and derived capital or equity (Antweiler 2005). This will ensure that the risk bored or characterized by the company’s operations are optimally constituted hence bringing its cost of capital at par with similar companies. This is the main reason why the company embarked on expansion in the South American markets like Argentina, as mentioned in the case. Petrobras's WACC Analysis To begin, there are two ways that companies may use to evaluate their cost of capital: the first one is by use of expected equity cash flow and the required rate of return whereas the second approach focuses on the use of free cash flow and the weighted average cost of capital. The WACC calculation for Petrobras uses comparable companies to produce a single discount rate. This is despite of the fact that an industry average WACC is the most appropriate for Petrobras on a long-term basis. Suppose there exists any short-term differences between the industry WACC and Petrobras's WACC, then it goes that Petrobras will be more likely to go back to the industry WACC on a long-term basis. The company’s WACC calculation uses Petrobras's highest risk free rate, because no investment can have a cost of capital that is better than risk free. This situation may occur if the beta is negative and Petrobras uses a significant proportion of equity capital. While the company had decided to implement an

Approaches to calculation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Approaches to calculation - Essay Example The supplementation of mathematics learnt in school with their home based symbols can make kids have a deeper and better comprehension of what is taught in class. In figure 3 Barney has used various symbols to communicate his idea. He has used beans, flowerpots, the hand, arrows, numerical (10, 1, 2, 3, 6, 4 and 5) and letters (t, I, s). Barley strives to represent mathematical expressions using symbols. He states that â€Å"10 t 1 is p† which means that 10 take away 1 gives 9. In this instance he uses the letter â€Å"t† to represent the mathematical symbol of (–) which means minus. The letter â€Å"p† stands for 9 in an inverted form. The whole representation is supposed to mean that 1 taken away from 10 gives 9 or in a mathematical symbol way it’s simply 10-1=9. He also states that â€Å"2 t is 1† to mean 1 taken away from 2 gives 1. He uses another form in the second instance involving arrows and a flowerpot with beans in it. The arrows emerging from the pot are symbols that represent the act of taking away a bean the pot and the number of beans in the pots to the right of the arrow represents the number of beans that are left once the bean is takeaway from the pot. This whole representation stands for a standard mathematical symbol of 2-1=1 and 8-1=7 expressed in Barney’s own symbols. Code switching is evident here as he switches from using numerical and letters to drawings and arrows. He then switches to using numbers and arrows and â€Å"is† which represent the equal sign in a standard mathematical representation. The arrows denote the minus or take away sign. Lastly he draws the hand with a numerical on it to denote that the number has been taken away from a set and ‘is’ means the equals sign (Giangrasso & Shrimpton, 2013, pp112- 178). Barley’s recordings give a pictorial representation to the mathematical expression and appeals to the eyes of the