Bertrand Russell on Critical Thinking :: Critical Thinking Essays

What is a network Discuss the advantages of using a network, and Essay

What is a system Discuss the upsides of utilizing a system, and quickly clarify the primary kinds of systems - Essay Example Rather, all PCs in a system can be associated with a solitary printer to such an extent that clients can get to it from their work stations. This assists with limiting costs, time wastage just as shielding the machines from contracting PC infections, which might be spread using removable capacity gadgets to move records (Newman, 2010). There are different sorts of systems which incorporate and not constrained to; neighborhood (LAN), wide region systems (WAN) and metropolitan territory systems (MAN) (Wetherall, 2010). PCs and other equipment in a LAN are associated inside a short geological separation, for instance a structure, a medical clinic or a school, using guided media for example links. In the event that various LANs are interconnected inside a wide topographical region, for example, across landmasses at that point, they structure a Wide Area Network. The web is a case of a WAN as it encourages network between clients all through the world paying little heed to their land area. Then again MAN is an interconnection of a few LANs inside a topographical area littler than that of WAN. This sort of network can be found inside a region for instance a city or a town (Wetherall,

LSAT Essay Question Samples - The Top 5 Common Problems

LSAT Essay Question Samples - The Top 5 Common ProblemsHave you ever noticed that some LSAT essay question samples just do not fit your essay format and are confusing to read? If so, then this article is for you. In this article I am going to discuss why you should avoid some of the common mistakes with your essays and some ways you can improve your chances of scoring higher on your LSAT.Some of the most common questions with the LSAT essay question samples are ones where the answer and the explanation is not clear enough. While the essay is supposed to be an explanation of how you arrived at a particular conclusion, sometimes the wording makes it difficult to understand the actual logic behind your answer. One of the main reasons why this happens is that the question is asking for something too simple. What could be simpler than, 'If I buy a pink teddy bear would I be less likely to smoke?'Other common essay question samples are also slightly ambiguous, and some people may choose to skip these by skipping them altogether because they are not clear enough. For example, the sample question you are asked to write for the essay, 'Why do we need privacy to protect our rights?' In this example, the question is asking you to justify a position, and yet you have to provide a single piece of evidence to support your point.The fact that you are not given a reason for your position does not necessarily mean that the argument needs to be long and complicated. It just means that there is no reason why you should force yourself to come up with an argument in the first place. As long as the question has clear and direct instructions for you to work with, you should be able to come up with a strong answer.The second biggest mistake that many people make when taking sample questions is attempting to use too many words in their answer. This means that you need to make sure that you are only using a few extra words to provide context for the arguments you are making. Too many wo rds for the question usually makes the essay seem very long and unreadable, but at the same time it does not create any real meaning.In order to get a specific argument across, it is best to use simple words. You also want to make sure that your writing style is clean and organized, because this is what will make your essay more readable. For example, in the example above, if you are writing in a formal tone then you would probably use one word words and a different set of words in a casual tone.I have discussed some of the reasons why you should avoid some of the common LSAT essay question samples that have been sent to you. One of the main reasons why you should avoid the lengthy explanations is because the question asked is typically too vague. Another problem is that the question asks you to come up with a piece of evidence to support your argument. If you cannot explain how you arrived at your conclusion, then you are not going to have much of a chance of passing the LSAT essay test.To improve your chances of scoring higher on your LSAT, you need to take every essay test you take very seriously. Most of the time, it is the hard questions that are going to tell you whether or not you need to increase your knowledge of the subject or not. So pay attention to the things I talked about in this article and you will score better on your LSAT and get the high grades you deserve.

How is Confondre (to Confuse) Conjugated in French

Similar to the English word confound, the French verb  confondre means to confuse. When you want to say confused or confusing, the verb must be conjugated and this lesson will show you how to do that. Conjugating the French Verb  Confondre Confondre  is a  regular -RE verb  and it follows a particular pattern in the conjugations. This same pattern is found in similar verbs like  pedre  (to lose) and  descendre  (to descend). You can take what you learn in this lesson and apply the same infinitive endings to learn the other verbs. The stem of  confondre  is  confond-, so we simply need to attach the proper ending to make it conform to the past, present, or future tense. For instance, the subject pronoun  je  in the present tense adds an -s  to form  je confonds, meaning I confuse. Likewise, the  nous  future tense for -re  verbs always adds -rons  to the stem: we will confuse is  nous confondrons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je confonds confondrai confondais tu confonds confondras confondais il confond confondra confondait nous confondons confondrons confondions vous confondez confondrez confondiez ils confondent confondront confondaient The Present Participle of  Confondre Add  -ant  to the stem of  confondre  to form the  present participle  confondant. This is a verb, of course, and can be used as an adjective, gerund, or noun when necessary. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © To form the common past tense of  passà © composà ©Ã‚  in French, we use  confondres  past participle  of  confondu.  We also need to conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  and use the subject pronoun.   For example, I confused is jai confondu and we confused is  nous avons confondu. More Simple  Confondre  Conjugations In less frequent instances, you may need to use one of the following verb forms of  confondre. The subjunctive and conditional are verb moods that are used when the action is questionable. The passà © composà © and imperfect subjunctive are primarily found in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je confonde confondrais confondis confondisse tu confondes confondrais confondis confondisses il confonde confondrait confondit confondt nous confondions confondrions confondmes confondissions vous confondiez confondriez confondtes confondissiez ils confondent confondraient confondirent confondissent For exclamations, use the imperative form of  confondre. When doing so, you can skip the subject pronoun. Rather than tu confonds, use confonds on its own. Imperative (tu) confonds (nous) confondons (vous) confondez

The Population of the Wild Hog is Exploding - 1117 Words

Today in America there is a wild dangerous animal that is greatly expanding. It is being seen more often in neighborhoods more than ever. The wild hog population is currently exploding. These animals get up to 400 pounds with 6 in long razor sharp teeth. They also have a thick hide and a armor like plating called a shield around their chest area. They are destroying Americas agriculture industry as well as peoples property. By digging their snouts into the earth and flipping it up to eat plant roots. This is called rooting. A group of hogs can root and destroy several acres of crops or land in a single night. Wild hogs were first introduced to America by the Spanish as a domestic animal used for meat. Over time these animals escaped and began free ranging and breeding. They quickly became wild. In the 1930s owners of ranches introduced Russian boars to be shot in game preserves. These Russian boars grow much larger, are more aggressive and have larger, sharper teeth. When they escaped, cross breeding occurred that introduced the genes that gave America the hybrid feral swine they have today. These animals are not only a threat to the economy but they are also a threat to people, other wildlife and the native land.http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/nuisance/feral_hogs/ http://agrilife.org/texnatwildlife/feral-hogs/the-ecological-impacts-of-feral-swine/ Wild hog carry several diseases such as pseudorabies, swine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, FADs, African swineShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Chan ge Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevious epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected

Project Design Proposal for Online Shopping †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Design Proposal Online Shopping. Answer: Overview Business modules have had to change over the past few years in order to meet the demands of the digital age. Unlike before, modern customers require efficient services that provide real-time response and collaboration. This outcome among many others necessitates the proposed project, where traditional business modules will be combined with e-commerce to offer online shopping (Usability, 2017). This project aims to enhance the customer experience by incorporating real-time systems with everyday shopping. In essence, this short report will highlight a realistic approach to designing an interactive and collaborative user interface. Furthermore, this report will outline the designs associated elements i.e. usability, design model, targets and evaluation tactics. Scope A general online system was suggested for this project, where, the interface designed would be used to sell a wide range of merchandise. Therefore, a general and overall approach will be used to outline the system design. Basically, the design and report will cover the development of user interfaces as well as the related parameters i.e. database systems and security protocols. However, the logistics of delivering the sold products will not be covered. Moreover, the design should meet the current and future demands of business including system variations. Objectives, Outputs and Targets E-commerce has substantially lowered the resource requirements needed to start and run a business. Moreover, it has enhanced customer experience because of the efficiency and conveniences it offers. Therefore, the overall goal/objective of this design is to capitalise on the efficiencies offered by online shopping through enhanced customer experience (Usability partner, 2017). Moreover, the systems usability will be at the core of the subsequent objectives, where the functionalities and operational outcomes will be considered. These subsequent objectives will then outline the benefits of the proposed interface such as a rewarding and engaging user interface. Nevertheless, these outcomes are determined by the system design which in effect will enhance the systems usability (Usability, 2017). User Requirements While attempting to identify the system requirements, a number of evaluation and assessment procedures were conducted. For one, face to face interviews were conducted to understand the users needs. These interviews were then supplemented with surveys and focus groups. These assessments outlined the following functional requirements. Functional requirements: Personalised user accounts to enable users to create, login and renew their accounts. Placement of orders through the defined accounts. An intelligent system that distinguishes between placed and purchased orders. Memory allocation to store customer preferences and order history. Verification through authentication and authorization Geo-location capabilities. Objectives determined from requirements Design requirements: Enhanced and manipulable system libraries to match the available orders/products. Real-time system design. Enhanced user experienced through the one-on one interaction platform (personalised accounts or portals). User and shopping alerts through the geo-location feature (Usability partners, 2017). Outputs and Targets Outputs: An integrated and collaborative design that improves business activities through e-commerce (online shopping). An efficient system with intuitive interfaces to match customers requirements (Carleton, 2013). Targets: Initial system evaluation (System design) Users stories User interface design Implementation (coding) Testing Deployment Maintenance and troubleshooting (Liu, 2013) Use Cases User cases (Actors) All online Shoppers: New and active customers Online Shopping: User shopping cart Delete items, Edit items and Add items Identification of products (Viewing available orders) Authentication and Identity Making a purchase Identity and verification Order checkout Identification and payment services Registering a new user Authentication Success Criteria Generally, the ability to meet the objectives stated earlier will determine the rate of success of the project. Moreover, while applying the targets mentioned above, several milestones will be established and used to gauge the design progress. Accomplishing these milestones will also serve as another way to defining the success of the designed system. Consider the following, identifying the user stories on time and enhancing the design of the wireframes developed. Such an achievement will be identified as a success as it meets the basic design requirements. (Usability, 2017). Finally, the sub sequent objectives will also serve as another assessment for the system success i.e. rewarding and engaging system. Key Assumptions The proposed users (online shoppers) are literate and have the basic understanding of online technologies more son the internet. Secondly, the user poses the basic technological resources i.e. computers and the internet. The chosen business has the means to support the system infrastructure. Design Aims Out design must be able to offer immediate and future solutions for online shopping. This endeavour calls for an adaptive system that emulates the existing technological climate. An agile approach is the best fit for such a design, a design that will satisfy all business requirements regardless of the development environment (UML diagrams, 2017). Essentially, this approach will divide the system design into different sections based on user requirements and developers expertise. Following this categorization, the design will follow an iterative procedure where different assembly options will be used until the final and desired product is achieved (Agile methodology, 2017). Now, user experience supported by their requirements will form an integral role in this design where, their stories (experiences) will determine the system templates developed i.e. wireframes. Furthermore, the designed templates will then highlight the interface functionalities which again reflect the users needs (Pichler, 2012) Fig: Design Principle So why an agile approach? Well, this design model offers agility, convenience and flexibility that other methods cannot offer. Moreover, it has proven to offer dynamic solutions in the past which meet the modern demands. For instance, most modern online systems such as retail stores are designed using an agile approach to cater for market and technological shifts (Lucid chart, 2017). Design Outline A simple design is proposed having four basic interfaces: Overall system design Designing and implementing the user interfaces Login screen for customers to access their personalised accounts Home To pick the desired store e.g. clothing, book store and electronics etc. The store To identify the store location. Shopping To access the available orders/products and to make purchases Database system defining the underlying and supportive data. Testing and prototyping. Proposed Evaluation Methods Usability is a matter of meeting the user requirements while enhancing the experience. Therefore, to gauge its outcome, the user experience will be determined through data collection and evaluation procedures (Cognitive, 2017). Below are the proposed techniques (evaluation methods) Click test A first time click test that outline what draws the users to the interface. Usability test to test the functionality and practicality of the design System usability scale (SUS) A questionnaire test that determines a systems efficiency, usability and goals accomplishment. Overall expert reviews Using renowned professionals to test the designed system (Usability, 2017). References Agile Methodology. (2017). The Agile Movement. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://agilemethodology.org/ Carleton. B. (2013). Real-time User Interface Design. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://lostechies.com/chrismissal/2013/08/20/realtime-user-interface-design/ Cognitive. (2017). 10 Things to pay attention in evaluating user interface. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://cognitivegroup.com/10-things-to-pay-attention-in-user-interface/ Liu. S. (2013). Building Online Shopping Website Based On ASP.NET and SQL Server. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/59337/Final%20thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Lucid chart. (2017). Use Case Diagram for Online Shopping System (UML). Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/use-case-diagram-for-online-shopping-system-UML Pichler. R. (2012). Agile user interface design. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.romanpichler.com/blog/agile-user-interface-design/ UML diagrams. (2017). Online shopping. UML Use Case Diagram Example. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.uml-diagrams.org/examples/online-shopping-use-case-diagram-example.html Usability partners. (2017). User requirements analysis. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.usabilitypartners.se/services/user-requirements-analysis.php Usability. (2017). User Interface Design Basics. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.usability.gov/what-and-why/user-interface-design.html Usability. (2017). System Usability Scale (SUS). What and why of usability. Retrieved 19 April, 2017, from: https://www.usability.gov/how-to-and-tools/methods/system-usability-scale.html

Literature Review The Role of Gastronomy for Tourism Development

Overview of the Themes The intensive development of tourism within countries can influence the national economies significantly. The development of tourism depends on the progress of different global trends, and the focus on gastronomy can be discussed as one of these trends (Everett Aitchison, 2008, p. 153; Chrzan, 2006, p. 41; Sakolnakorn, Naipinit, Kroeksakul, 2013, p. 78).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Literature Review: The Role of Gastronomy for Tourism Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, gastronomy can be discussed as the specific segment of the tourism sphere which can be used effectively to influence the general progress of tourism as the economic sector. Today, the focus on gastronomy tourism should be discussed as the result of the intensive economic and social development with references to the increases in the living standards and people’s possibilities to tr avel. That is why, it is important to concentrate on the role of gastronomy for tourism development with references to various cases and global examples. To determine the context for the research question and to identify the perspectives for the topic discussion, it is necessary to conduct the literature review on the theme of gastronomy’s role for tourism. Having examined the existing literature on the problem, it is possible to determine such important themes as the progress of gastronomy tourism as the new sector of the field and the economic advantages of accentuating gastronomy in tourism development. The Progress of Gastronomy Tourism Gastronomy was always closely connected with tourism because visiting new places, people also paid much attention to the local culinary habits and traditions of the population. The situation has changed, and gastronomy became in focus as the main goal of tourists to visit certain countries and cities. If gastronomy was the additional spher e for the development of tourism decades ago, it is the separate and specific segment of the industry today. From this perspective, gastronomy can not only to affect the tourists’ impressions and expectations but also to become the main goal of their activities (Everett Aitchison, 2008, p. 152). Nowadays, tourists leave their places to find new experiences and emotions while eating and cooking in Italy or Austria, and tourism operators are ready to provide them with a lot of different tours on the topic because the popularity of gastronomy tourism grows, and this segment becomes an important profitable sector of the industry (Elsby, 2012, p. 22; Sakolnakorn, Naipinit, Kroeksakul, 2013, p. 77).Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The progress of this tendency depends on the increased status of cuisines in the world which is closely associated with the processes of , for instance, stating the status of the French cuisine as classical and luxurious (Rao, Monin, Durand, 2003, p. 798). The similar processes are characteristic for defining the Italian cuisine or the Asian culinary traditions as attractive for tourists because of the opportunities to develop cross-cultural eating as the approach to establish the cross-cultural ties and receive exotic impressions (Chez, 2011, p. 235). Restaurants as Destinations The role of gastronomy is important for tourism development because experiences of eating the local food are traditionally associated with the places visited. Thus, focusing on food as ‘a cultural reference point’, it is possible to combine the efforts of producers and tour operators in order to contribute to the regional development and tourism progress at the territories (Montanari Staniscia, 2009, p. 1465). Tourism and consumption in their combination should be based on tourists’ strong associations and links between the tastes of food and definite places. That is why, tour operators focus on gastronomy to promote regional flavors and tastes as well as associations with cultures and places (Elsby, 2012, p. 23). As a result, restaurants located in countries where the famous cuisines originated can become the destinations for tourists. It is found that tourism is more developed in those cities where the role of restaurants is high and consumption is connected with the gastronomic tastes of tourists. In this case, the cities can become ‘gastronomic oases’ and contribute to tourism development (Neal, 2006, p. 2). According to Chrzan, â€Å"our minds often link places with food, especially when a place is a popular destination, since most travel involves eating some of the local cuisine† (Chrzan, 2007, p. 21). Stanonis develops the ideas of Neal and states that many cities have the reputation of culinary capitals that is why the numbers of people coming there to visit restaurants where the famous persons ate popular dishes are great, and this trend can be used by tourism managers effectively (Stanonis, 2009, p. 146).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Literature Review: The Role of Gastronomy for Tourism Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, the emphasis on restaurants as the destinations for tourists was typical for the industry’s development during the decades, but today this trend develops according to new approaches because not only restaurants are discussed as destinations but also the opportunity to learn more about the local gastronomy is considered as the attractive perspective for tourists. If Neal and Chrzan discuss the traditional approach to the ties between gastronomy and tourism, Cousins, O’Gorman, and Stierand focus on the opportunities provided by the innovative approaches and changes in the field of gastronomy as effective ones to influence tourism positively. Much attention should be paid to molecular gastronomy as the new wave in the field of gastronomy which is rather revolutionary and can influence the tourism industry significantly. The new conceptualised restaurants are organised to respond to the trend, and these new experiences also affect tourism (Cousins, O’Gorman, Stierand, 2010, p. 119). Economic Advantages of Focusing on Gastronomy for Tourism Development Researchers pay attention to different perspectives with references to which gastronomy can influence the development of tourism industry. One of the perspectives is the connection of gastronomy as the important tourism segment with the national and local agricultural sectors (Sims, 2009, p. 324). Focusing on development of the agricultural sector in Cornwall, South West England, Everett and Aitchison state that gastronomy tourism contributes much to the progress of agricultural diversification in the region and to the intensification o f the production and consumption processes (Everett Aitchison, 2008, p. 151). In their research, Everett and Aitchison concentrate on the general aspects of the question when Sims pays more attention to the creation of the ‘alternative’ food networks in order to promote the growth of the agricultural sector in relation to tourism. This approach is important for increasing the economic sustainability in the region and for improving the local tourism (Sims, 2009, p. 323). The discussion of tourism as advantageous for economy of the country is often based on the approaches used by tour operators and authorities in order to develop the process and stimulate the people’s interest in gastronomy and visiting restaurants as destinations.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chrzan pays attention to the fact that â€Å"returning travellers tell of new foods eaten, new habits learned, and sometimes, in the case of spa and cooking-school vacations, of travel specifically for the food† (Chrzan, 2006, p. 40). From this point, to make this segment of the industry more profitable, it is necessary to refer to the latest tendencies and changes within gastronomy tourism in order to determine the specific directions for the development and further connections of gastronomy, tourism, consumption, growth of the agricultural sector, and development of the national cuisine. Conclusion Having examined the literature on the role of gastronomy for the development of tourism, it is possible to conclude that the discussion of gastronomy as the advantageous sphere for promoting the national and global tourism is developed during the recent years with references to the new approaches to the question. Thus, gastronomy plays an important role in influencing touristsâ⠂¬â„¢ impressions related to places visited. Moreover, today people choose to travel round the globe with the main purpose to taste the local food or to visit cooking seminars and trainings. As a result, gastronomy becomes the main focus for the definite category of tourists. While combining this tendency with the traditional approach to tourism in its relation to gastronomy, it is possible to gain significant benefits and to contribute to the improvement of the local and national economies. That is why, gastronomy as the new tourism segment plays an extremely significant role in forming the tourism industry today and in contributing to its intensive progress in association with such sectors of economy as agriculture and marketing. References Chez, K. (2011). Popular ethnic food guides as auto/ethnographic project. Journal of American Culture, 34(3), 234-246. Chrzan, J. (2007). Dreaming of Tuscany – pursuing the anthropology of culinary tourism. Expedition, 49(2), 21-27. Chrz an, J. (2006). Why study culinary tourism? Expedition, 48(1), 40-41. Cousins, J., O’Gorman, K., Stierand, M. (2010). Molecular gastronomy: cuisine innovation or modern day alchemy? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), 118-124. Elsby, C. (2012). Homeward bound. Alternatives Journal, 38(4), 22-23. Everett, S., Aitchison, C. (2008). The role of food tourism in sustaining regional identity: A case study of Cornwall, South West England. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2), 150-167. Neal, Z. (2006). Culinary deserts, gastronomic oases: A classification of US cities. Urban Studies, 43(1), 1–21. Montanari, A., Staniscia, B. (2009). Culinary tourism as a tool for regional re-equilibrium. European Planning Studies, 17(10), 1463-1483. Rao, H., Monin, P., Durand, R. (2003). Institutional change in Toque Ville: Nouvelle cuisine as an identity movement in French gastronomy. AJS, 108(4), 795–843. Sakolnakorn, T., Naipinit, A., Kroeksakul, P. (2013). Sustainable tourism development and management in the Phuket Province, Thailand. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 75-84. Sims, R. (2009). Food, place and authenticity: local food and the sustainable tourism experience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 321-336. Stanonis, A. (2009). The triumph of Epicure: A global history of New Orleans culinary tourism. Southern Quarterly, 46(3), 145-161. This assessment on Literature Review: The Role of Gastronomy for Tourism Development was written and submitted by user Kailyn Phillips to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Atheism Essays - ACE, Antivirus Software, File Archivers, Adware

Atheism Essays - ACE, Antivirus Software, File Archivers, Adware Atheism Important Notes: ================= False virus warnings: - Due to the special exe compression we are using in our products, some executable files in the WinACE package may trigger virus alerts with some antivirus programs. These tools will report different kinds of trojan or generic viruses. In this case, it is a false alarm - as long as you downloaded WinACE from our site. If you downloaded your evaluation version of our product from another website, you should check the file length with the one given on our download page at winace.com. Please inform the developer of your antivirus toolkit about this false alarm so that they can fix the detection routine in their next release. Language selection: - If you have accidentally installed WinACE with the wrong language setting, you can reselect the desired language by launching WinACE with the additional parameter PL from the command line: WINACE.EXE PL *ENTER* Technical requirements: - WinAce requires version 4.71 (or higher) of the system file COMCTL32.DLL. This file is usually installed by default with Microsofts Internet Explorer 4.x and Windows 98. You can obtain the latest version of this DLL at Microsoft's website at microsoft.com/msdownload/ieplatform/ie/comctrlx86.asp (approx. 400k). Bibliography - Microsoft Office for Windows 95 Using Office Binders to Combine Documents [Supplemental Information] - [Why use Binders?] If you have a project that involves several different types of documents, for example, a cover letter written in Word, a financial statement prepared with Microsoft Excel, and a presentation in PowerPoint, it might be easier and more efficient to store the documents together in a Binder. Binders provide a very easy way to work on a document using the full capabilities of the application without removing the document from the Binder. The advantages to using Binders include: + Each document stored in a Binder becomes a section in the Binder. You can open and save the Binder and the sections it contains as a single document, and you can print the Binder as a whole. You can apply styles and use spell checking in all the sections, set specific properties for the whole Binder such as page orientation, and route the entire Binder through electronic mail to coworkers. + You can organize Binder sections in whatever order you like, and you can apply continuous page numbering and headers and footers that run throughout. + A number of ready-to-use Binder templates are supplied with Microsoft Office. Use Binder templates to quickly create a consistent look for all the sections of a Binder. To locate the Binder templates, click New Binder (File menu) and then click the Binders tab. + If you create a Binder format that you want to use as the basis for more than one project, you can save it as a template. + You can easily reorganize sections in a Binder, and you can quickly add and remove Binder sections. [When to work with sections outside a Binder] Because Binders are designed to help you organize and manage related documents, some application features are unavailable while working within the Binder. For example, the Binder has a Status Bar to display information about the sections of the Binder, so the individual application Status Bars are turned off to avoid confusion. For example, since the Microsoft Excel AutoCalculate feature is on the Microsoft Excel Status Bar, it is unavailable inside the Binder. The following features must be used outside the Binder. To work outside the Binder, click View Outside (Section menu). To return the document to the Binder, drag it into the left pane of the Binder window. If the Binder window is not divided into left and right panes, click the button to the left of the File menu. + If you want to view a Binder section in Print Preview, open the section outside the Binder. + The PowerPoint status bar does not display when a PowerPoint document is a section in a Binder. If you want to display the PowerPoint status bar, open the PowerPoint section outside the Binder. + If you want to use the Microsoft Excel AlwaysCalc feature, shared lists, or templates, work with the section outside the Binder. + When working in a Microsoft Excel section, the changes you make to the screen view (View tab, Options command, Tools menu) will not be saved when you save the Binder. + You can run macros in Binder however, you must edit macros outside the Binder. To do this, click the section that contains the macro, click View

What Does it Cost to Attend Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus?

Pennsylvania State University is a popular choice for Pennsylvania students, as it offers students the flexibility to transfer to the main campus at University Park after starting college at one of the regional campuses. But because of the difference in tuition and fees and the local cost of living, you’ll want to be prepared to know what it would cost to send your student to Penn State’s main campus over one of the regional campuses. We’re going to look at what factors contribute to the cost of attendance at Penn State-University Park, and how you can keep the costs down for your family. You may be surprised to learn that college costs vary from campus to campus of the same institution, but they also vary from student to student at the exact same campus. Although we’re going to go over what the full price of a year of education at Penn State is, you should know that the actual cost of a Penn State education will likely be different for your family. Instead, you’ll want to consider what the net cost for your family will be. Although averages are a good place to start and we will include them, it’s better to consider the specific factors that will reduce your net cost. Very few families pay full price, and this is due to financial aid from: A combination of financial aid from these sources will help you reduce your net cost, and we’ll go over what you can roughly expect from each source below. Although we call it the list price, schools refer to this as the estimated cost of attendance. If you’re wondering why it’s an estimate and not an exact number, it’s because schools tend to average the cost from their current students. Each student has different expenses, from housing to transportation to groceries. Generally, the cost of attendance includes things like tuition and fees, room and board, and other costs of living like transportation, or even laundry expenses. Because Penn State is a public institution, there is a difference in the tuition and fees for in-state students versus out-of-state students. In the 2016-2017 school year, the total price for in-state students was $35,758, while the total price for out-of-state students was $50,240. Most families don’t end up paying list price because they qualify for some kind of financial aid, but there are some families who would likely pay list price at any institution. Wealthy families with household incomes over $175,000 usually end up paying the list price, especially if their student didn’t receive any merit scholarships. We hope that you’re feeling relieved to know that you’re not likely paying the list price, but you may still be wondering what you can expect to pay if your student attends Penn State. For students who qualify for financial aid, the average price for in-state students was $34,167, and the average price for out-of-state students was $48,649. While the averages above are a good starting point for determining your net cost, it’s often more helpful to look at the cost based on household income. Students who come from families with higher need will have a lower average net price, which helps make college more accessible. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Merit aid is usually offered to students on a need-blind basis, meaning that students of any income level can receive merit aid. Merit aid is generally offered to the top admitted students with exceptional accomplishments. At Penn State, about 15.6% of students who don’t qualify for need-based aid receive some form of merit aid (note that there are some students who receive need-based and merit aid). The average merit aid award for a student without need was $653, which reduces the net cost for in-state students to $35,105 and out-of-state students to $49,587. Although it may not be much, every bit helps, and there are some schools that don’t offer any merit aid. Due to its small average award size, Penn State ranked 807th in a pool of over 1000 schools we analyzed for merit aid generosity. Students have to cover the remaining cost of attendance somehow, and a common way that students do that is to take out loans. At Penn State, about 56% of students have a loan to help cover their annual expenses. The average size of the federal loan per student was $7,838 total across all four years. When choosing a school, you should encourage your student to look at the typical student outcomes as a factor in their decision. Although their individual effort and resourcefulness are more likely to secure their post-college success, it’s still good to know if a school provides a conducive environment to students. At Penn State, around 83% of their students graduate within six years. Ten years out of school, the average main campus grad is making $55,300. Penn State’s University Park campus is located in the State College municipality, which offers a small-town environment with an emphasis on college activities. The cost of living index for State College is 113, which means that it’s about 13% higher than the national average. Overall, it’s pretty affordable to live near University Park. All freshman students are required to live on-campus, but students are allowed to live off-campus starting their sophomore year. Here are the average apartment rents in State College: Although some of the housing options may be cheaper per month, students who live on-campus are required to purchase a meal plan. Many students find that the freedom that off-campus housing provides is worth it, especially because they can easily cook their own meals. Many students choose to work part-time jobs to help cover some of their living expenses. According to the Economic Policy Institute , the minimum wage in Pennsylvania is the same as the federal minimum wage at $7.25, and the average hourly wage is $22.55. Aside from traditional saving methods, one of the best ways that your student can help reduce the net cost to your family is to apply for as many scholarships as they can. Scholarships are a form of gift aid that doesn’t have to be paid back, and they are often merit-based. Here are just a few ways you and your student can start looking for scholarships: If your student will be considered out-of-state at the time of application, you may want to look into what the requirements are for your student to be reclassified as an in-state student after their freshman year. They should speak directly with a financial aid officer at their school to make sure that it doesn’t impact any of their other financial aid, but it could save your family thousands of dollars each year. Although we focused on how to make attending the main campus more affordable, you should also know that your family can save money if your student chooses to attend a regional campus. Many students transfer to the main campus after spending a year or two at the main campus; the regional campuses often have lower tuition rates, and if your family lives in the area, they can save even more by staying at home. With many ways to reduce your family’s net cost, from financial aid to part-time student work, we hope that you have found your student’s dream school to be financially feasible. If you’re looking for personalized guidance about college affordability, we’ve got you covered. As part of our College Applications Program, our Finances tool shows students the ROI of different schools and majors and help students identify scholarships to apply for. On average, our students earn about $83,000 in scholarships. Find out if working with our Financial Aid Tools is right for your family!

Petrobras and cost of capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Petrobras and cost of capital - Essay Example Petrobras was operating in a higher risk environment due to Brazil’s economic turbulence. The cost of debt for any given company is the cost of raising extra revenue by issuing the debt. Likewise, the cost of equity refers to that extra revenue associated with issue of the equity shares. The cost of capital therefore is derived from the average value of issuing the two in the proportion capital they present and this is what is referred to as the WACC (weighted average cost of capital) as to be discussed later in this paper. For a company like Petrobras, the financing costs can be derived by use of the WACC. The major players in the multinational oil industry as indicated in exhibit 1 of the case have almost a similar cost of capital ranging from 7.6% of BP to 9.0% of ocean energy indicating an average difference of 1.4%. Petrobras’ cost of capital is further up at 15% reflecting a massive difference of 6%. This is largely attributed to the company’s distinct domestic involvement in terms of its operations. The company is largely owned by the government and hence it was solely producing for a Brazilian market in the quest to eliminate its over dependence on international oil imports. This is despite the economic turbulence of the country’s economy that has been characterized by fluctuations in interest rates, inflation rates, local currency depreciation among other economic downfall, which is further reflected into the company’s CA.... erations made investors assign it the country risks assigned to similar firms operating in the country and as a consequence, the cost of capital was significantly raised. There are sentiments by analysts that the company’s CA ought to have been excluded from the â€Å"burden† of the respective additional costs incurred from Brazil's sovereign spread during the derivation of kd (cost of debt) and derived capital or equity (Antweiler 2005). This will ensure that the risk bored or characterized by the company’s operations are optimally constituted hence bringing its cost of capital at par with similar companies. This is the main reason why the company embarked on expansion in the South American markets like Argentina, as mentioned in the case. Petrobras's WACC Analysis To begin, there are two ways that companies may use to evaluate their cost of capital: the first one is by use of expected equity cash flow and the required rate of return whereas the second approach focuses on the use of free cash flow and the weighted average cost of capital. The WACC calculation for Petrobras uses comparable companies to produce a single discount rate. This is despite of the fact that an industry average WACC is the most appropriate for Petrobras on a long-term basis. Suppose there exists any short-term differences between the industry WACC and Petrobras's WACC, then it goes that Petrobras will be more likely to go back to the industry WACC on a long-term basis. The company’s WACC calculation uses Petrobras's highest risk free rate, because no investment can have a cost of capital that is better than risk free. This situation may occur if the beta is negative and Petrobras uses a significant proportion of equity capital. While the company had decided to implement an

Approaches to calculation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Approaches to calculation - Essay Example The supplementation of mathematics learnt in school with their home based symbols can make kids have a deeper and better comprehension of what is taught in class. In figure 3 Barney has used various symbols to communicate his idea. He has used beans, flowerpots, the hand, arrows, numerical (10, 1, 2, 3, 6, 4 and 5) and letters (t, I, s). Barley strives to represent mathematical expressions using symbols. He states that â€Å"10 t 1 is p† which means that 10 take away 1 gives 9. In this instance he uses the letter â€Å"t† to represent the mathematical symbol of (–) which means minus. The letter â€Å"p† stands for 9 in an inverted form. The whole representation is supposed to mean that 1 taken away from 10 gives 9 or in a mathematical symbol way it’s simply 10-1=9. He also states that â€Å"2 t is 1† to mean 1 taken away from 2 gives 1. He uses another form in the second instance involving arrows and a flowerpot with beans in it. The arrows emerging from the pot are symbols that represent the act of taking away a bean the pot and the number of beans in the pots to the right of the arrow represents the number of beans that are left once the bean is takeaway from the pot. This whole representation stands for a standard mathematical symbol of 2-1=1 and 8-1=7 expressed in Barney’s own symbols. Code switching is evident here as he switches from using numerical and letters to drawings and arrows. He then switches to using numbers and arrows and â€Å"is† which represent the equal sign in a standard mathematical representation. The arrows denote the minus or take away sign. Lastly he draws the hand with a numerical on it to denote that the number has been taken away from a set and ‘is’ means the equals sign (Giangrasso & Shrimpton, 2013, pp112- 178). Barley’s recordings give a pictorial representation to the mathematical expression and appeals to the eyes of the

Global Warming :: Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change

Global Warming Abstract The world's scientific experts agree that industrial and land use activities are having an adverse impact on our climate. Burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gasoline creates global warming pollution that acts as the glass in a greenhouse, reflecting heat back toward the Earth and warming our climate. If we do not take steps now to reduce our emissions of global warming pollution, we will suffer serious environmental, public health, and economic repercussions. We owe it to our next generations to leave them a healthy environment and economy. Industries must start reducing their emissions of global warming pollution before we seal the fate of future generations. The earth's climate is predicted to change because human activities are altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases (primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide). Its functions are similarly to the walls and roof of a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to enter, but preventing heat from escaping. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and heats the earth?s surface. The earth gives off heat energy, in the form of infrared radiation, which travels back toward the atmosphere. Instead of going into space, some of the infrared radiation is trapped by greenhouse gases (Schneider, 1989). The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and ozone. The gases send infrared radiation back to the earth's surface. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result from human activities. Naturally occuring greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Certain human activities, however, add to the levels of most of these naturally occurring gases: 1) Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere when solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), and wood and wood products are burned. 2) Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock. 3) Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. Greenhouse gases that are not naturally occurring include byproducts of foam production, refrigeration, and air conditioning called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), as well as hyrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) generated by industrial processes.

Ethno Linguistic Group

Heruela, Christine Mae O. BSMA-4 13 Muslim Ethno Linguistic Groups 1. Maguindanao Maguindanao originally means â€Å"people of flooded plain. † The name Maguindanao was also named after the Sultanate or dynasty that ruled the area for several years. People living in the Pulangi area, located in what are now North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and Maguindanao Provinces. Cultural communities within this region also include the Tituray, T'boli and the Manobos. 2. Maranao Maranao means â€Å"people of the lake. † Their homeland is called Lanao or â€Å"lake. Their oldest settlement started around here, and up to this day, highly populated communities still dot the lake. Their language is similar to Maguindanaon and Iranun. The Maranao form the largest Muslim community and cultural minority in the Philippines. Their families are traditionally large and close-knit. Feudal standing is in some parts still visible. The position, wealth and land ownership of many of those considered from an ancestry of â€Å"royalty† still maintain some political position or prominence in their areas. Most devout and most traditional of the Muslim communities.They have braved much of the attempts to conquer and subdue them. They are also known for their artistry in carving, boat making and creation of malongs. 3. Tausug â€Å"Tausug† derives from tau meaning â€Å"man† and sug meaning â€Å"current† and translates into â€Å"people of the current. † Another argument made on the meaning of the name states that the name in fact translates to â€Å"brave people†. The Tausug even before the arrival of Islam or Christianity and the people who promulgated their system of government, the Sulu Islands, where the Tausugs are found, had their own system of government.The Tausugs openly welcomed Islam and the system of government that came with it. This has bred to the establishment of the Sulu sultanate. Leaders from this region moved to other pl aces in the country, spreading Islam and its system of government in Tawi-Tawi, Palawan, Basilan, Zamboanga, and Sabah. 4. Sama Also in the Sulu Archipelago are the Sama consisting of five sub-groups including the Sama! and the Badjao. These people are highly dispersed in the Sulu Archipelago. They are considered boat-people, spending most of their time in constant movement throughout the islands in the area or living on the water.The Sama are also considered the sea-gypsies of the Philippines. The Sama people groups are generally referred to in Sabah as the East Coast Bajau. The government does not distinguish one Bajau group from the other. While outsiders call them Bajau, they most commonly refer to themselves as Sama. 5. Yakan Yakan is the majority Muslim group in Basilan and some in Zamboanga. The Yakan have generally two spheres of belief integrating Islamic principles and traditional beliefs into what is referred to as â€Å"folk Islam†. There is little known about thi s people.One of the highlights of their history is the arrival of Pedro Cuevas or Datu Kalun, an outsider who killed the datu of the Yakan and then was accepted as their Datu in the early 1800. The Yakans were primarily under the Sulu Sultanate, but proving to be deliberately their own through the leadership of Datu Kalun, the Basilan Yakan had given the Spanish and Americans. However, the Yakan have remained in many instances separate from any rule, other than that of Sultanates their Datu follows. Due to much political conflict in the area of Basilan, many of the Yakans have settled in the region of Zamboanga City. . IIanon or Iranun The lranun are said by many to have been the origin of the ethnic groups within the Lanao del Sur to the Maguindanao areas. The Iranun language is in fact seen in the Maranao and Maguindanao languages. The Iranun were said to have fought under the Maguindanao sultanate. Many sultans of Maguindanao were said to have been from the lranuns. 7. Molebugan or Molbog The Molbog mostly live in Bafabak, Palawan. The word molbog originated from the word â€Å"malubog† which means â€Å"murky or turbid water†. Their language and practices share close affinity to the Orang Tidung (Sabah), Sama and the Tausugs.These people and other Muslim communities in Palawan were ruled by Sulu datus under the Sulu sultanate. 8. Kolibugan Kolibugan means â€Å"half-breeds. † Originally from the Subanon tribes, these people are called such because their culture has been said to be half breed, having come into Islam through intermarriage with Muslim communities. These people live the Subanun organization and language. The term  kolibugan  is as well used to refer to all peoples who have accepted Islam through intermarriage. 9. Sangil The Sangil are found in the Balut Sarangani, parts of South Cotabato and Davao Del Sur provinces.They are said to have come from Sanghe (islands in Indonesia between the Celebes), the origin of the name Sangil. Their name is derived from Sanghe, refering to an archipelago in eastern  Indonesia  located between Sulawesi (Celebes) and  Mindanao  which pertains to the original home of the Sangil. They are people who were already Muslims before they came to Philippine shores. The Sangil are also known for their boat making. They have also been said to be the buccaneers who attacked Spanish territories in other parts of the Philippines. 0. Kalagan Kalagan was derived from the word kaag, which meant â€Å"whisper. †The Kaagan are mostly found in the  Davao  provinces. Their islamization was achieved through the arrival of the Maguindaon and the Tausug. However, when the Maguindanao sultanate and Tausug left, the Kaagan became marginalized and with less improvement in their social organization. 11. Palawanon Palawan inhabitants (Panimusan) were islamized through the Sulu sultanate, through the Tausug who went there to introduce to Islam to the local people.Now, the Mus lim populations in the area are found in Batarasa, Quezon, Brooke's Point, Espanola, Narra, Roxas, Taytay and Aborlan. 12. Badjao Scattered throughout the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines live the Sama Badjao, a people nobody wants. Badjao means â€Å"man of the seas. † By tradition, the people are sea nomads, traveling by boat from one island to the next in search of a fishing harvest. But the Sama Badjao are known to other tribes living in the same area as ‘palau' or ‘lumaan,' both meaning â€Å"godforsaken. †Ã‚   13.Jama Mapun The Jama Mapun or literally â€Å"people of Mapun,† occupy the island of Cagayan de Sulu in southwestern Philippines. They call their island Tana (land) Mapun and their language, Pullum Mapun. The Jama Mapun are closely related to the Samal, and they are often referred as to the Samal Cagayan by the Tausog of Sulu or as the Samal Cagayan by the Tausog of Sulu or as the Badjao or Orang Cagayan by the coastal Muslim of Born eo. The Jama Mapun can also be found in the islands of Bugsuk, and the small island in between.

Breccia Rock Geology and Uses